美国西部地貌的演变史

The faulted alluvial ¹ fans near Badwater in Death Valley are amongst the most visited and classic landforms in the U.S. New mapping and dating of these landforms, presented in this open-access study by Kurt Frankel and colleagues, help to determine the timing ² of past earthquakes and how tectonic deformation ³ is distributed across the western U.S. This in turn provides important data for seismic ⁴ hazard mitigation and for understanding how the great landscapes of the western U.S. have evolved over recent geologic ⁵ time. Death Valley constitutes one of the most dramatic landscapes in North America, and it is famous for its faulted mountain fronts, spectacular alluvial fans, and extensive saline playa. Moreover, the valley is the type example of a pull-apart basin, which is controlled by the northern Death Valley-Fish Lake Valley fault zone, the Black Mountains fault zone, and the southern Death Valley fault zone. These three fault zones make up the Holocene fault zones of the Death Valley fault system. This Death Valley pull-apart often provides an analog ⁶ for the evolution, including stress transfer and depositional systems, in other tectonically active transtensional regimes, such as the Dead Sea, East Africa, and Alpine ⁷ fault of New Zealand., ,FEATURED ARTICLE Timing and rates of Holocene normal faulting along the Black Mountains fault zone, Death Valley, USA K.L. Frankel et al., School of Earth And Atmospheric ⁸ Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA. This article is OPEN ACCESS online at http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/L464.1., ,Other recently published Lithosphere ⁹ articles are highlighted below:, ,Precollisional development and Cenozoic evolution of the Southalpine retrobelt (European Alps) S. Zanchetta et al., Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente e del Territorio e di Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, Piazza ¹⁰ della Scienza 1, Milano 20126, Italy. This paper is online at http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/L466.1.