绘制玉米基因组图

Positional cloning is a genetic ² mapping technique used to pinpoint ³ the location of specific traits of interest, such as disease-causing genes ⁴ or mutations, within the genome. Very simply, this map-based technique involves crossing mutant individuals with wild-type individuals and examining the offspring in order to localize a candidate region in the genome for the mutation ⁵. By identifying genetic markers that are linked to the trait, progressively more precise areas on a chromosome ⁶ are defined until the gene ¹ is identified. This approach has contributed to the successful mapping of genes involved in numerous human diseases such as Huntington's disease and cystic fibrosis, an important first step in understanding these conditions., ,In plants, the positional cloning method has been traditionally used in studies of model organisms such as rice and Arabidopsis, providing important insights into plant genetics. Researchers at Brigham Young University and Rutgers University have developed a protocol ⁷ that highlights the utility of this technique in plant taxa with much larger genomes, such as maize ⁸. The detailed ⁹ protocol is published in the January issue of Applications in Plant Sciences ., ,"Maize is the most important cereal crop in the United States, and one of the most important in the world," says Clinton Whipple, an author of the study. "We originally worried that the large size of the maize genome would make positional cloning unrealistic, requiring very large mapping populations. However, these fears turned out to be largely unwarranted, as we successfully utilized ¹⁰ this technique with populations similar in size to Arabidopsis and rice, which have significantly smaller genomes."