提高普通家具的防火性
- 指点迷津
- 2024-11-30
- 6
The bench-scale test widely used to evaluate whether a burning cigarette will
ignite(点燃) upholstered furniture may underestimate the tendency of
component
1 materials to
smolder
2 when these materials are used in sofas and chairs supported by springs or cloth, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and American University researchers report in a new study. The study comes as regulations and methods for evaluating the likelihood that soft-furniture materials will ignite are undergoing
scrutiny
3. In November 2013, California removed an open-flame test from its furniture flammability testing law**-the de facto national standard since no national regulation currently exists-and now relies
solely
4 on the so-called cigarette-
smoldering
5-ignition test., ,The new research identifies changes to this test that might make it more realistic-representative of a "near-worst-case
scenario
6." The
modifications
7, the researchers write, would make the test more consistent and, therefore, more useful for identifying "
upholstery materials(室内装潢材料) most likely to prevent smoldering ignition.", ,In the same article, the research team reports guidelines for making a reproducible reference
foam
8 for furniture flammability testing-a challenging, longstanding priority of standards developers, regulators and fire researchers. Such a
standardized
9 foam would help in comparing flammability data from different laboratories., ,In the current setup for the test, two
fabric
10-covered foam pieces are positioned like seat and back cushions on a small solid wood support structure. A lit standard reference cigarette (one
certified
11 by NIST to burn consistently***) is placed in the
crevice
12 formed by the two pieces. To pass, a fabric covering or barrier material under test must prevent the burning cigarette from igniting the
underlying
13 foam so that it does not smolder on its own, even after the cigarette self-extinguishes., ,The researchers found that directly placing the test samples on top of the wooden support
impedes
14 air flow and, as a consequence,
inhibits
15 smoldering. They point out that the arrangement is not representative of furniture with cushions that rest on air-permeable substrates such as springs or cloth, which allows air to circulate and promotes smoldering., ,The team introduced gaps between the foam samples and the underlying wood, permitting air flow. The adjustment increased-by up to threefold-the rate at which smoldering spread in the foam. It also generated significantly higher smoldering temperatures in the foam-as much as 400 degrees
Celsius
16 higher., ,"Because it inhibits air flow, the current test
apparatus
17 may diminish the
propensity
18 for smoldering ignition," explains NIST's Rick Davis. "Creating gaps to increase air flow, and the other modifications we are suggesting-especially
adoption
19 of a reference foam-will enable more consistent smoldering behavior and help to minimize other causes of inconsistent flammability test results."
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