澳洲狼蛛的毒液中含有新型杀虫剂

Spider venoms ² are usually toxic ³ when injected into prey ⁴, but a new protein discovered in the venom¹（毒液） of Australian tarantulas（狼蛛） can also kill prey insects that consume the venom orally. The protein is strongly insecticidal to the cotton bollworm（棉铃虫）, an important agricultural pest, according to research published September 11 in the open access journal PLOS ONE by Glenn King and Maggie Hardy ⁵ from the Institute of Molecular ⁶ Bioscience at the University of Queensland, Australia, and colleagues from other institutions. The small protein, named orally active insecticidal peptide-1 (OAIP-1), was found to be highly toxic to insects that consumed it, with potency ⁷ similar to that of the synthetic ⁸ insecticide imidacloprid（吡虫啉）. Cotton bollworm, a pest that attacks crop plants, was more sensitive to OAIP-1 than termites ⁹ and mealworms, which attack stored grains., ,These and other insect pests reduce global crop yields by 10-14% annually ¹⁰ and damage 9-20% of stored food crops, and several species are resistant ¹¹ to available insecticides. Isolated ¹² peptides from the venom of spiders or other venomous insectivorous animals, such as centipedes and scorpions ¹³, may have the potential to serve as bioinsecticides. Alternately, the authors suggest the genes ¹⁴ encoding these peptides could be used to engineer insect-resistant plants or enhance the efficacy of microbes that attack insect pests. King elaborates, "The breakthrough discovery that spider toxins ¹⁵ can have oral activity has implications not only for their use as bioinsecticides, but also for spider-venom peptides（多肽类，缩氨酸） that are being considered for therapeutic ¹⁶ use."