双足啮齿动物的沙漠生存技巧

Researchers have found that bipedal（两足动物的） desert rodents ¹ manage to compete with their quadrupedal（四足的） counterparts by using a diverse set of jumps, hops ² and skips. A new study, to be presented at the Society for Experimental Biology meeting in Valencia on July 6, suggests that it is this unpredictable movement that allows the bipedal rodents to coexist in Old World deserts with quadrupedal rodents. Research headed by Talia Moore at Harvard University analysed, for the first time, jerboas' bipedal locomotion ³. She said: "Bipedal jerboas and quadrupedal jirds share the same habitat, predators ⁵, food source, and active hours. It appears that their different forms of locomotion（运动，旅行） create differing predator ⁴ evasion ⁶ abilities, allowing jerboas to forage ⁷ further from their burrows ⁸, thus limiting interspecific competition. In this way these Old World desert rodents can occupy different niches ⁹.", ,The researchers found that bipedal desert rodents move with highly unpredictable trajectories ¹⁰, while sympatric quadrupedal desert rodents move in much more predictable trajectories., ,This study involved using inverse ¹¹ dynamics ¹² to calculate the forces exerted by bipedal jerboas when jumping vertically ¹³, as well as the relative contributions of individual muscles and tendons（肌腱） to the jump., ,The researchers collected trajectories of bipedal jerboas and sympatric quadrupedal jirds in the field to quantify the maximum performance and predictability of the escape behaviour of these species in natural conditions., ,The Concord ¹⁴ Field Station at the Department of Organismic and Evolutionary ¹⁵ Biology at Harvard University is the only breeding colony of jerboas（跳鼠） in the US, and has the only jerboa colony specifically for scientific research in the world.