President Bush Discusses Defense Transformation at West Point
Eisenhower Hall
The United States Military Academy
West Point, New York,11:25 A.M. EST ,THE PRESIDENT: Thank you. Please be seated. Thank you, General, for your warm welcome. Thank you for inviting1 me here to West Point. I now know why you're so happy I'm here -- (laughter -- all classes were cancelled. (Applause.) ,I had the honor of sitting next to the General and Judy during the game over the weekend. I am disappointed I could not bring the Commander-in-Chief's Trophy2 with me. However, you just get the Commander-in-Chief. (Applause.) ,This is my last visit to a military academy as President, so I thought I would exercise a certain prerogative3 of office one last time: I hereby absolve4 all cadets who are on restriction5 for minor6 conduct offenses8. As always, I always -- I leave it to General Hagenbeck to determine what "minor" means. (Laughter.)
,I really am proud to be with you today. I appreciate General Mike Linnington, and his wife Brenda for meeting me. It turns out Brenda was a -- is a 1981 West Point graduate. ,I appreciate being here with General Pat Finnegan and Joan. Today on Air Force One, Congressman9 John Shimkus, 1980 West Point graduate, and Congressman Geoff Davis, 1981 West Point graduate, flew down with me. It's my honor to let them fly on the "big bird." (Laughter.) ,There are many honors that come with the presidency10, but none higher than serving as Commander-in-Chief in the greatest Armed Forces on Earth. (Applause.) Every one of you is a volunteer. You came to this academy in a time of war, knowing all the risks that come with military service. I want to thank you for making the noble and selfless decision to serve our country. And I will always be grateful to the men and women who wear the uniform of the United States military. ,As West Point cadets, you're part of a generation that has witnessed extraordinary change in the world. Two decades ago, the Cold War was nearing its end, and the Soviet11 Union was about to collapse12. You were just beginning your lives. About the same time, another threat was quietly gathering13. In hidden corners of the world, violent religious extremists were plotting ways to advance their radical14 aims and their grim ideology15. We saw the results in a series of horrifying16 blows -- the truck bombing of the World Trade Center, the attack of Khobar Towers, the bombing of our embassies in Kenya and Tanzania, and the strike on the USS Cole. 
,For many years, America treated these attacks as isolated17 incidents -- and responded with limited measures. And then came September the 11th, 2001. In the space of a single morning we realized that we were facing a worldwide movement of fanatics18 pledged to our destruction. We saw that conditions of repression19 and despair on the other side of the world could bring suffering and death to our own streets. ,As a result, America reshaped our approach to national security. Here at home, we hardened our defenses and created the Department of Homeland Security. We gave our national security professionals vital new tools like the Patriot21 Act and the ability to monitor terrorist communications. We reorganized our intelligence community to better meet the needs of war against these terrorists, including increasing the number of intelligence officers. We deployed23 aggressive financial measures to freeze their assets and to cut off their money. We launched diplomatic initiatives to pressure our adversaries24 and attract new partners to our cause. ,We also made dramatic changes to both our military strategy and our -- the military itself. We resolved that we would not wait to be attacked again, and so we went on the offense7 against the terrorists overseas so we never had to face them here at home. We recognized that we needed strong partners at our side, so we helped strengthen the counterterrorism capabilities25 of our allies. We understood, as I said here at West Point in 2002, "if we wait for threats to fully26 materialize, we will have waited too long" -- so we made clear that hostile regimes sponsoring terror or pursuing weapons of mass destruction would be held to account. ,We concluded that we are engaged in an ideological27 struggle, so we launched an effort to discredit28 the hateful vision of the extremists and advance the hopeful alternative of freedom. We saw the urgency of staying a step ahead of our enemies, so we transformed our military both to prevail on the battlefields of today and to meet the threats of tomorrow. ,These changes will have a direct impact on your military careers. This morning, I'm going to give you a report on where we stand in each of these areas, and the challenges that lie ahead. ,First, within weeks of September the 11th, our Armed Forces began taking the fight to the terrorists around the world -- and we have not stopped. From the Horn of Africa to the islands of Southeast Asia to wherever these thugs hide, we and our allies applied29 the full range of military and intelligence assets to keep unrelenting pressure on al Qaeda and its affiliates30. We have severely31 weakened the terrorists. We've disrupted plots to attack our homeland. We have captured or killed hundreds of al Qaeda leaders and operatives in more than two dozen countries -- including the man who mastermind the 9/11 attacks, Khalid Sheikh Mohammed. ,The terrorists continue to pose serious challenges, as the world saw in the terrible attack in Mumbai last month. Al Qaeda's top two leaders remain at large. Yet they are facing pressure so intense that the only way they can stay alive is to stay underground. The day will come, the day will come when they receive the justice they deserve. (Applause.) ,Second, we've helped key partners and allies strengthen their capabilities in the fight against the terrorists. We've increased intelligence-sharing with friends and allies around the world. We've provided training and support to counterterrorism partners like the Philippines, and Indonesia, and Jordan, and Saudi Arabia. These partners have made enormous contributions in the war on terror. For example, Indonesia has crippled the terrorist group JI. Saudi Arabia has killed or captured hundreds of al Qaeda terrorists. And in Europe, security services have broken up terrorist cells in Germany, in Denmark, in Turkey, and the United Kingdom. ,One of the most important challenges we will face, and you will face, in the years ahead is helping32 our partners assert control over ungoverned spaces. This problem is most pronounced in Pakistan, where areas along the Afghanistan border are home to Taliban and to al Qaeda fighters. The Pakistani government and people understand the threat, because they have been victims of terror themselves. They're working to enforce the law and fight terror in the border areas. And our government is providing strong support for these efforts. And at the same time, we have made it clear to Pakistan -- and to all our partners -- that we will do what is necessary to protect American troops and the American people. ,Third, we have made clear that governments that sponsor terror are as guilty as the terrorists -- and will be held to account. After 9/11, we applied the doctrine33 to Afghanistan. We removed the Taliban from power. We shut down training camps where al Qaeda planned the attacks on our country. We liberated34 more than 25 million Afghans. Now America and our 25 NATO allies and 17 partner nations are standing35 with the Afghan people as they defend their free society. The enemy is determined36, the terrain37 is harsh, and the battle is difficult. But our coalition38 will stay in this fight. We will not let the Taliban or al Qaeda return to power. And Afghanistan will never again be a safe haven39 for terrorists. (Applause.) ,We also took a hard look at the danger posed by Iraq -- a country that combined support for terror, the development and the use of weapons of mass destruction, violence against its own people, aggression40 against its neighbors, hostility41 to the United States, and systematic42 violation43 of United Nations resolutions. After seeing the destruction of September the 11th, we concluded that America could not afford to allow a regime with such a threatening and violent record to remain in the heart of the Middle East. So we offered Saddam Hussein a final chance to peacefully resolve the issue. And when he refused, we acted with a coalition of nations to protect our people -- and liberated 25 million Iraqis. ,The battle in Iraq has been longer and more difficult than expected. Foreign terrorists, former regime elements, and Iraqi insurgents44 -- often with outside support -- combined to drive up violence, and bring the country to the verge45 of chaos46. So we adopted a new strategy, and rather than retreating, sent more troops into Baghdad in Iraq. And when the surge met its objective, we began to bring our troops home under a policy of return on success. Last week, Iraq approved two agreements that formalize diplomatic and economic and security ties with America -- and set a framework for the drawdown of American forces as the fight in Iraq nears a successful end. ,Fourth, America recognized the only way to defeat the terrorists in the long run is to present an alternative to their hateful ideology. So when we overthrew47 the dictators in Afghanistan and Iraq, we refused to take the easy option and instill friendly strongmen in their place. Instead, we're doing the tough work of helping democratic societies emerge as examples for people all across the Middle East. We're pressing nations around the world -- including our friends -- to trust their people with greater freedom of speech, and worship, and assembly. We're advancing a broader vision of reform that includes economic prosperity, and quality health care and education, and vibrant48 civil societies, and women's rights. ,The results of these efforts are unfolding slowly and unevenly49, but there are encouraging signs. From Iraq and Afghanistan to Lebanon and Pakistan, voters defied the terrorists to cast their ballots50 in free elections. In places like Iraq's Anbar province, people have seen what life under the Taliban looks like -- and they decided51 they want no part it -- actually, it was life under al Qaeda looks like. ,You know, mothers don't want to raise their child in a neighborhood where thugs run and where thugs brutalize people. People want to live in peace. People want to live in freedom. Muslims from Jordan and Turkey to India and Indonesia have seen their brothers and sisters massacred, and recoiled53 from the terrorists. And even within the jihadist ranks, religious scholars have begun to criticize al Qaeda and its brutal52 tactics. In these ideological rejections54, we see the beginning of al Qaeda's ultimate demise55 -- because in the long run, the ideology of hatred56 and fear cannot possibly compete with the power of hope and freedom. (Applause.) ,Finally, we are transforming our military for a new kind of war that we're fighting now, and for wars of tomorrow. This transformation57 was a top priority for the enterprising leader who served as my first Secretary of Defense20 -- Donald Rumsfeld. Today, because of his leadership and the leadership of Secretary Bob Gates, we have made our military better trained, better equipped, and better prepared to meet the threats facing America today, and tomorrow, and long in the future. 
,As part of our transformation effort, we are arming our troops with intelligence, and weapons, and training, and support they need to face an enemy that wages asymmetric58 battle. See, this enemy hides among the civilian59 population, and they use terror tactics like roadside bombs to attack our forces, to demoralize local population, and to try to shake the will of the American people. ,To defeat this enemy, we have equipped our troops with real-time battlefield intelligence capabilities that would have been unimaginable just a few years ago. In Iraq and Afghanistan, troops in the field have used advanced technologies like Global Positioning Systems to direct air strikes that take out the enemy while sparing innocent life. We've expanded America's arsenal60 of unmanned aerial vehicles from fewer than 170 when I took office to more than 6,000 today. We're arming Predator61 drones. We're using them to stay on the hunt against the terrorists who would do us harm. ,We've expanded America's special operations forces. With more forces -- more of these forces on the battlefield, we can respond more quickly to actionable intelligence on the terrorists who are in hiding. Over the past eight years, we have more than doubled funding for special operators. We created the first-ever special operations command within the Marines. We have given the Special Operations Command the lead role in the global war against the terrorists. ,In addition to these upgrades in our counterterrorism capabilities, we have placed a new focus on counterinsurgency. The Army has published a new counterinsurgency manual written by a distinguished62 graduate of this academy: General David Petraeus. The central objectives of this counterinsurgency strategy are to secure the population, and gain support of the people, and train local forces to take the responsibility on their own. ,One of the reasons we're meeting these objectives in Iraq is the ability to rapidly deploy22 brigade combat teams. These teams can join the battle on short notice as organized and cohesive63 units. With these teams in the fight, our Army is better able to carry out its counterinsurgency objectives -- and better equipped to defeat the enemies we'll face as the 21st century unfolds. ,Our counterinsurgency strategy also stresses the importance of following up security gains with real benefits in people's daily lives. To better meet that objective, we created Provincial64 Reconstruction65 Teams, or PRTs. These teams pair with military personnel civilian experts in areas like economics, and agriculture, and law enforcement, and education. In both Iraq and Afghanistan, these teams are helping local communities create jobs, and deliver basic services, and keep the terrorists from coming back. PRTs bring diplomats66, aid workers, and other experts from across the government into the fight -- and we must expand them in the years to come. ,To better institutionalize all the changes we've made in recent years, we have transformed the education and training our troops receive. We're taking the lessons we've learned in Afghanistan and Iraq, and teaching them at military academies and training centers across our country. For example, every branch of the military now receives the counterinsurgency training that was once reserved for special operations forces. Here at West Point, you've created a new Combating Terrorism Center that allows you to gain insights from the battles of today and apply them as you lead our military into the future. ,In addition to making these changes to help our troops prevail in the war on terror, we've been transforming our military since early 2001 to confront other challenges that may emerge in the decades ahead. For example, we have begun the most sweeping67 transformation of America's global force posture68 since the end of World War II. We're shifting troops from Cold War garrisons69 in Europe and Asia so they can surge more rapidly to troubled spots around the world. We've established new military commands to meet challenges unique to Africa and to support our homeland. ,We've invested more than a half a trillion dollars in research and development, so we can build even more advanced capabilities to protect America from the dangers of a new century. We're making our forces more joint70 and interoperable, so they can cooperate seamlessly across different services and with foreign partners. And to confront an emerging threat to our economy, our defense systems, and individual citizens, the federal government is cooperating closely with the private sector71 to improve security in cyberspace72.
The United States Military Academy
West Point, New York,11:25 A.M. EST ,THE PRESIDENT: Thank you. Please be seated. Thank you, General, for your warm welcome. Thank you for inviting1 me here to West Point. I now know why you're so happy I'm here -- (laughter -- all classes were cancelled. (Applause.) ,I had the honor of sitting next to the General and Judy during the game over the weekend. I am disappointed I could not bring the Commander-in-Chief's Trophy2 with me. However, you just get the Commander-in-Chief. (Applause.) ,This is my last visit to a military academy as President, so I thought I would exercise a certain prerogative3 of office one last time: I hereby absolve4 all cadets who are on restriction5 for minor6 conduct offenses8. As always, I always -- I leave it to General Hagenbeck to determine what "minor" means. (Laughter.)
,I really am proud to be with you today. I appreciate General Mike Linnington, and his wife Brenda for meeting me. It turns out Brenda was a -- is a 1981 West Point graduate. ,I appreciate being here with General Pat Finnegan and Joan. Today on Air Force One, Congressman9 John Shimkus, 1980 West Point graduate, and Congressman Geoff Davis, 1981 West Point graduate, flew down with me. It's my honor to let them fly on the "big bird." (Laughter.) ,There are many honors that come with the presidency10, but none higher than serving as Commander-in-Chief in the greatest Armed Forces on Earth. (Applause.) Every one of you is a volunteer. You came to this academy in a time of war, knowing all the risks that come with military service. I want to thank you for making the noble and selfless decision to serve our country. And I will always be grateful to the men and women who wear the uniform of the United States military. ,As West Point cadets, you're part of a generation that has witnessed extraordinary change in the world. Two decades ago, the Cold War was nearing its end, and the Soviet11 Union was about to collapse12. You were just beginning your lives. About the same time, another threat was quietly gathering13. In hidden corners of the world, violent religious extremists were plotting ways to advance their radical14 aims and their grim ideology15. We saw the results in a series of horrifying16 blows -- the truck bombing of the World Trade Center, the attack of Khobar Towers, the bombing of our embassies in Kenya and Tanzania, and the strike on the USS Cole. ,For many years, America treated these attacks as isolated17 incidents -- and responded with limited measures. And then came September the 11th, 2001. In the space of a single morning we realized that we were facing a worldwide movement of fanatics18 pledged to our destruction. We saw that conditions of repression19 and despair on the other side of the world could bring suffering and death to our own streets. ,As a result, America reshaped our approach to national security. Here at home, we hardened our defenses and created the Department of Homeland Security. We gave our national security professionals vital new tools like the Patriot21 Act and the ability to monitor terrorist communications. We reorganized our intelligence community to better meet the needs of war against these terrorists, including increasing the number of intelligence officers. We deployed23 aggressive financial measures to freeze their assets and to cut off their money. We launched diplomatic initiatives to pressure our adversaries24 and attract new partners to our cause. ,We also made dramatic changes to both our military strategy and our -- the military itself. We resolved that we would not wait to be attacked again, and so we went on the offense7 against the terrorists overseas so we never had to face them here at home. We recognized that we needed strong partners at our side, so we helped strengthen the counterterrorism capabilities25 of our allies. We understood, as I said here at West Point in 2002, "if we wait for threats to fully26 materialize, we will have waited too long" -- so we made clear that hostile regimes sponsoring terror or pursuing weapons of mass destruction would be held to account. ,We concluded that we are engaged in an ideological27 struggle, so we launched an effort to discredit28 the hateful vision of the extremists and advance the hopeful alternative of freedom. We saw the urgency of staying a step ahead of our enemies, so we transformed our military both to prevail on the battlefields of today and to meet the threats of tomorrow. ,These changes will have a direct impact on your military careers. This morning, I'm going to give you a report on where we stand in each of these areas, and the challenges that lie ahead. ,First, within weeks of September the 11th, our Armed Forces began taking the fight to the terrorists around the world -- and we have not stopped. From the Horn of Africa to the islands of Southeast Asia to wherever these thugs hide, we and our allies applied29 the full range of military and intelligence assets to keep unrelenting pressure on al Qaeda and its affiliates30. We have severely31 weakened the terrorists. We've disrupted plots to attack our homeland. We have captured or killed hundreds of al Qaeda leaders and operatives in more than two dozen countries -- including the man who mastermind the 9/11 attacks, Khalid Sheikh Mohammed. ,The terrorists continue to pose serious challenges, as the world saw in the terrible attack in Mumbai last month. Al Qaeda's top two leaders remain at large. Yet they are facing pressure so intense that the only way they can stay alive is to stay underground. The day will come, the day will come when they receive the justice they deserve. (Applause.) ,Second, we've helped key partners and allies strengthen their capabilities in the fight against the terrorists. We've increased intelligence-sharing with friends and allies around the world. We've provided training and support to counterterrorism partners like the Philippines, and Indonesia, and Jordan, and Saudi Arabia. These partners have made enormous contributions in the war on terror. For example, Indonesia has crippled the terrorist group JI. Saudi Arabia has killed or captured hundreds of al Qaeda terrorists. And in Europe, security services have broken up terrorist cells in Germany, in Denmark, in Turkey, and the United Kingdom. ,One of the most important challenges we will face, and you will face, in the years ahead is helping32 our partners assert control over ungoverned spaces. This problem is most pronounced in Pakistan, where areas along the Afghanistan border are home to Taliban and to al Qaeda fighters. The Pakistani government and people understand the threat, because they have been victims of terror themselves. They're working to enforce the law and fight terror in the border areas. And our government is providing strong support for these efforts. And at the same time, we have made it clear to Pakistan -- and to all our partners -- that we will do what is necessary to protect American troops and the American people. ,Third, we have made clear that governments that sponsor terror are as guilty as the terrorists -- and will be held to account. After 9/11, we applied the doctrine33 to Afghanistan. We removed the Taliban from power. We shut down training camps where al Qaeda planned the attacks on our country. We liberated34 more than 25 million Afghans. Now America and our 25 NATO allies and 17 partner nations are standing35 with the Afghan people as they defend their free society. The enemy is determined36, the terrain37 is harsh, and the battle is difficult. But our coalition38 will stay in this fight. We will not let the Taliban or al Qaeda return to power. And Afghanistan will never again be a safe haven39 for terrorists. (Applause.) ,We also took a hard look at the danger posed by Iraq -- a country that combined support for terror, the development and the use of weapons of mass destruction, violence against its own people, aggression40 against its neighbors, hostility41 to the United States, and systematic42 violation43 of United Nations resolutions. After seeing the destruction of September the 11th, we concluded that America could not afford to allow a regime with such a threatening and violent record to remain in the heart of the Middle East. So we offered Saddam Hussein a final chance to peacefully resolve the issue. And when he refused, we acted with a coalition of nations to protect our people -- and liberated 25 million Iraqis. ,The battle in Iraq has been longer and more difficult than expected. Foreign terrorists, former regime elements, and Iraqi insurgents44 -- often with outside support -- combined to drive up violence, and bring the country to the verge45 of chaos46. So we adopted a new strategy, and rather than retreating, sent more troops into Baghdad in Iraq. And when the surge met its objective, we began to bring our troops home under a policy of return on success. Last week, Iraq approved two agreements that formalize diplomatic and economic and security ties with America -- and set a framework for the drawdown of American forces as the fight in Iraq nears a successful end. ,Fourth, America recognized the only way to defeat the terrorists in the long run is to present an alternative to their hateful ideology. So when we overthrew47 the dictators in Afghanistan and Iraq, we refused to take the easy option and instill friendly strongmen in their place. Instead, we're doing the tough work of helping democratic societies emerge as examples for people all across the Middle East. We're pressing nations around the world -- including our friends -- to trust their people with greater freedom of speech, and worship, and assembly. We're advancing a broader vision of reform that includes economic prosperity, and quality health care and education, and vibrant48 civil societies, and women's rights. ,The results of these efforts are unfolding slowly and unevenly49, but there are encouraging signs. From Iraq and Afghanistan to Lebanon and Pakistan, voters defied the terrorists to cast their ballots50 in free elections. In places like Iraq's Anbar province, people have seen what life under the Taliban looks like -- and they decided51 they want no part it -- actually, it was life under al Qaeda looks like. ,You know, mothers don't want to raise their child in a neighborhood where thugs run and where thugs brutalize people. People want to live in peace. People want to live in freedom. Muslims from Jordan and Turkey to India and Indonesia have seen their brothers and sisters massacred, and recoiled53 from the terrorists. And even within the jihadist ranks, religious scholars have begun to criticize al Qaeda and its brutal52 tactics. In these ideological rejections54, we see the beginning of al Qaeda's ultimate demise55 -- because in the long run, the ideology of hatred56 and fear cannot possibly compete with the power of hope and freedom. (Applause.) ,Finally, we are transforming our military for a new kind of war that we're fighting now, and for wars of tomorrow. This transformation57 was a top priority for the enterprising leader who served as my first Secretary of Defense20 -- Donald Rumsfeld. Today, because of his leadership and the leadership of Secretary Bob Gates, we have made our military better trained, better equipped, and better prepared to meet the threats facing America today, and tomorrow, and long in the future. ,As part of our transformation effort, we are arming our troops with intelligence, and weapons, and training, and support they need to face an enemy that wages asymmetric58 battle. See, this enemy hides among the civilian59 population, and they use terror tactics like roadside bombs to attack our forces, to demoralize local population, and to try to shake the will of the American people. ,To defeat this enemy, we have equipped our troops with real-time battlefield intelligence capabilities that would have been unimaginable just a few years ago. In Iraq and Afghanistan, troops in the field have used advanced technologies like Global Positioning Systems to direct air strikes that take out the enemy while sparing innocent life. We've expanded America's arsenal60 of unmanned aerial vehicles from fewer than 170 when I took office to more than 6,000 today. We're arming Predator61 drones. We're using them to stay on the hunt against the terrorists who would do us harm. ,We've expanded America's special operations forces. With more forces -- more of these forces on the battlefield, we can respond more quickly to actionable intelligence on the terrorists who are in hiding. Over the past eight years, we have more than doubled funding for special operators. We created the first-ever special operations command within the Marines. We have given the Special Operations Command the lead role in the global war against the terrorists. ,In addition to these upgrades in our counterterrorism capabilities, we have placed a new focus on counterinsurgency. The Army has published a new counterinsurgency manual written by a distinguished62 graduate of this academy: General David Petraeus. The central objectives of this counterinsurgency strategy are to secure the population, and gain support of the people, and train local forces to take the responsibility on their own. ,One of the reasons we're meeting these objectives in Iraq is the ability to rapidly deploy22 brigade combat teams. These teams can join the battle on short notice as organized and cohesive63 units. With these teams in the fight, our Army is better able to carry out its counterinsurgency objectives -- and better equipped to defeat the enemies we'll face as the 21st century unfolds. ,Our counterinsurgency strategy also stresses the importance of following up security gains with real benefits in people's daily lives. To better meet that objective, we created Provincial64 Reconstruction65 Teams, or PRTs. These teams pair with military personnel civilian experts in areas like economics, and agriculture, and law enforcement, and education. In both Iraq and Afghanistan, these teams are helping local communities create jobs, and deliver basic services, and keep the terrorists from coming back. PRTs bring diplomats66, aid workers, and other experts from across the government into the fight -- and we must expand them in the years to come. ,To better institutionalize all the changes we've made in recent years, we have transformed the education and training our troops receive. We're taking the lessons we've learned in Afghanistan and Iraq, and teaching them at military academies and training centers across our country. For example, every branch of the military now receives the counterinsurgency training that was once reserved for special operations forces. Here at West Point, you've created a new Combating Terrorism Center that allows you to gain insights from the battles of today and apply them as you lead our military into the future. ,In addition to making these changes to help our troops prevail in the war on terror, we've been transforming our military since early 2001 to confront other challenges that may emerge in the decades ahead. For example, we have begun the most sweeping67 transformation of America's global force posture68 since the end of World War II. We're shifting troops from Cold War garrisons69 in Europe and Asia so they can surge more rapidly to troubled spots around the world. We've established new military commands to meet challenges unique to Africa and to support our homeland. ,We've invested more than a half a trillion dollars in research and development, so we can build even more advanced capabilities to protect America from the dangers of a new century. We're making our forces more joint70 and interoperable, so they can cooperate seamlessly across different services and with foreign partners. And to confront an emerging threat to our economy, our defense systems, and individual citizens, the federal government is cooperating closely with the private sector71 to improve security in cyberspace72. 你可能想看：
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